The lectures show how the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers (Hegel, Fichte, Schelling and Schopenhauer) and began to see wider recognition internationally. It shows as well the opposition to German idealism in the existential philosophy of Kierkegaard and in the atheistic and materialistic philosophy of Feuerbach and Marx. The aim is also to bring closer 19th century positivism ideas, British idealism, American pragmatism and Nietzsche’s philosophy of life.

Then going to the 20th century history of philosophy I pick out Bergson’s philosophy (reason versus intuition and physical time versus psychological time), logical positivism (verification rule and metaphysical reduction), phenomenology (Husserl the last one struggle for certainty, Heidegger and hermeneutic), analytic split (from strict linguistic analyses to wider recognition in 90s of 20th century), existentialism and dialog philosophy and of course postmodern philosophy.