This course aims to answer various fundamental questions about contemporary science and philosophy. What is science? How is it related to philosophy and, specifically, the philosophy of nature? We will explain the compatibility and mutual enrichment that should exist between the practice and claims of science and philosophy. Beginning with a historical overview of the development of modern science. We will then consider the philosophical questions raised by the success of science, as well as some of its historical dead ends. Finally, we will investigate the ways science seems to challenge certain aspects of the Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy of nature, and even raise issues for Christian faith more broadly, presenting arguments for broader compatibility